With what our tongue is made of?

TONGUE :

STRUCTURE OF THE TONGUE:

• Tongue is made up of voluntary muscles, it contains about 10 thousand taste buds which are located in the walls of papillae. 

RELATION BETWEEN SMELL AND TASTE:-

• Taste is also a sense like that of smell based on identifying chemicals in food and the texture of it. 
• Senses of taste and smell have a close and cooperative working relationship. 
• Some  flavours really come from odour. Example:- Taste of an onion is odour not flavour.  
• When you have a  cold, food seems tasteless because your nasal passages are blocked. 
• Our sense of taste (or) gustation, involves 4 qualities - sweet, bitter, sour and salty. 
• Fifth taste is Umami (savoury flavour) found in protein rich foods such as meat, seafood and cheese. 

TASTE BUDS:-

• Each taste bud has a cavity with a pore called taste pore. 
• Epithelial cells, surrounding the taste buds form taste receptor cells. 

TASTE RECEPTOR CELLS:-

• These are located in the taste buds on the top and side of the tongue, sample flavours from food and drink as they pass on the way to stomach. 
• These receptors cluster in small mucous membrane projections called "papillae", each papillae is of a particular shape. 

TYPES OF PAPILLAE ON OUR TONGUE:-

1. FILIFORM PAPILLAE: These are flap like structures, these are not the site of taste sensation because taste buds are not present on this papillae. 
2. FUNGIFORM PAPILLAE: These are roundish structures on our tongue and have taste buds. 
3. CIRCUMVALLATE PAPILLAE: These are large roundish structures at the back of the tongue and have taste buds. 
4. FOLIATE PAPILLAE: These are bump like structures present at the sides of the tongue and can sense the taste. 

FUNCTION OF NERVE FIBRE IN TONGUE:

• Each receptor cell connects to a nerve fibre. 
• All the nerve fibres connect to main nerves that carry messages to the brain and spinal cord for further processing. 
• Agglutination specialized nerve "hot line"  carries taste messages to the specialized regions of the brain. 

DEVELOPMENT CHANGES IN TASTE:

• Infants  have heightened taste sensitivity that is why babies try to sense everything by taste. 
• As age increases this super sensitivity decreases that is the reason why many elderly people complain that food has lost its taste. 

Do you know by which bone our ears are made of?

EAR:

     Ear helps in maintaining the equilibrium of our body. Internal structure and parts of the Ear is as given below

(A) External Ear
1) Outer Ear (or) Pinna
2) Ear canal (or) Auditory meatus

(B) Middle Ear
1) Tympanic membrane
2) Tympanic cavity
3) Malleus
4) Incus
5) Stapes

(C) Internal Ear
1) Vestibule
2) Semicircular canals
3) Cochlea
4) Vestibular nerve
5) Cochlear nerve
6) Eustacian tube
7) Ear Ossicles

(A) External EAR :-
- It is the visible part of the ear on either side of our head.
- Outer ear or pinna is a flap like structure which leads to the ear canal.
- Pinna is crumpled and made up of cartilage. It has ceruminous and sebaceous glands they prevent the dust and other particles from entering into the ear canal and helps to keep the ear canal lubricated.
- Ear canal is also called as Auditory meatus at the end of this a thin layer called tympanum or ear drum is present.
- Ear drum is present between the external and middle ear, it is in the shape of a cone.
- Narrow area of the eardrum connects to the first bone maleus of the middle ear.

(B) Middle EAR :-
- It helps in amplifying the vibrations received on the tympanum membrane.
- Three bones called mallets, incus and stapes helps to do the same.
- End of the middle EAR is covered by a membrane called oval window which opens in to the inner ear through round window.

(C) Internal EAR :-
- It consists of bone labyrinth enclosing the membranous labyrinth.
- Membranous labyrinth consists of
a) Vestibule
b) Three semicircular canals
c) Cochlea

Functions of the EAR :
I. Helps to maintain balance or equilibrium of the body.
II. It helps to collect the sand vibrations and transform them nerve impulses which is to be carried to the brain for processing.

 Diseases the EAR :-
- Due to bacterial and fungal infections common EAR diseases like for motion of pus, injection of ear drum etc.. Maybe caused.

Healthy diet

Health is Wealth 

SPINACH JUICE :

INGREDIENTS : Some spinach leaves
                             Carrot - 1
                             Green apple - 1
                             Pineapple - half cup pieces

PREPARATION : Cut all the above ingredients in to pieces and blend them as a juice. Have 1 glass of juice in every day morning for good health.